Original 1 Transliterated

Flag, local short form of country name, official, national or administrative language(s), official form of country name and date of independence

Original version of "The Countries of the world in 40 Languages" (193 of 193 countries)

Transliterated Original script

Flag Local short form	Official, national or administrative language(s)	Official form	Date of independence
Aelōn In Majel, Marshall Islands	Kajin-Majel, English	Aolepān Aorōkin Majel, Republic of the Marshall Islands	Dec. 22, 1990
Afğānistān, Afgânestân	Pashto (Pushtu), Dari	Dĩ Afğānistān Islāmī Dawlat, Dowlat-e Eslamĩ-ye Afgânestan	Aug. 8, 1919
Al-Imarat	al-´Arabīyah	Dawlat Al-Amārat al-´Arabīyah al-Muttahidah	Dec. 2, 1971
Andorra	Català	Principat d´Andorra	Sept. 8, 1278 (June 3, 1993)
Angola	Português	República de Angola	Nov. 11, 1975
Antigua and Barbuda	English	State of Antigua and Barbuda	Nov. 1, 1981
Aotearoa, New Zealand	Te Reo Māori, English		Sept. 26, 1907
Arabīyah as-Sa´udīyah	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Mamlakah al-´Arabīyah as-Sa´udīyah	Sept. 18, 1932
Argentina	Español	República Argentina	July 9, 1816
Australia	English	The Commonwealth of Australia	Jan. 1, 1901
Ayiti, Haïti,	Kreyòl Ayisyen, Français	Repiblik d Ayiti, République d´Haïti	Jan. 1, 1804
Azärbaycan	Azärice (Azärbaycanca); Hajeřēn (Hayyerèn)(Artsakh)	Azärbaycan Respublikasy	Oct. 18, 1991

Bahamas	English	The Commonwealth of The Bahamas	July 10, 1973
Bahrayn	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Mamlakah al-Bahrayn From Feb. 14, 2002; formerly : Dawlat al-Bahrayn	Aug. 18, 1971
Bălgarija	Bălgarski	Republika Bălgarija	Oct. 5, 1908
Bangladesh	Banglā	Ghana Prajātantrī Bangladesh	March 26, 1971
Barbados	English (Bajan spoken)		Nov. 30, 1966
Bêafrîka	Sängö, Français	Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka, République Centrafricaine	Aug. 13, 1960
Belarus	Belaruskaja, Russkij	Respublika Belarus´	Aug. 25, 1991
Belau, Palau	Tek oi er a Belau, English	Bel´u era Belau, Republic of Palau	Oct. 1, 1994
België, Belgique	Nederlands (Vlaanderen), Français (Wallonie); Deutsch	Koninkrijk België, Royaume de Belgique	Oct. 4, 1830
Belize	English		Sept. 21, 1981
Bénin	Français	République du Bénin	Aug. 1, 1960
Bhārat	Hindī, English (2)	Bhāratīya Ganarajya, The Republic of India	Aug. 15, 1947
Bosna i Hercegovina	Bosanski, Hrvatski, Srpski		Apr. 5, 1992
Botswana	Setswana, English	(...), The Republic of Botswana	Sept. 30, 1966
Brasil	Português Brasileiro	República Federativa do Brasil	Sept. 7, 1822
Brunei	Bahasa Melayu	Negara Brunei Darussalam	Jan. 1, 1984
Burkina Faso	Français	République Démocratique du Burkina Faso	Aug. 5, 1960
Burundi	kiRundi, Français	Republika y´u Burundi (y´Uburundi), République du Burundi	July 1, 1962

Cabo Verde	Português	República de Cabo Verde	July 5, 1975
Cameroun, Cameroon	Français English	République du Cameroun, Republic of Cameroon	Jan. 1, 1960
Canada	English, Français; Inuktitut (Nunavut)		July 1, 1867
Česko	Čeština	Česká republika	Jan. 1, 1993
Chile	Español	República de Chile	Feb. 12, 1818
Chosŏn	Hankuko	Chosŏn Minjujuŭi In´min Kongwaguk	Sept. 9, 1948
Colombia	Español	República de Colombia	July 20, 1810 (Aug. 7, 1819)
Congo	Français	République Démocratique du Congo	June 30, 1960
Congo	Français	République du Congo-Brazzaville	Aug. 15, 1960
Costa Rica	Español	República de Costa Rica	Sept. 15, 1821 (Nov. 14, 1838)
Côte d´Ivoire	Français	République de la Côte d´Ivoire	Aug. 7, 1960
Cuba	Español	República de Cuba	1901

Danmark	Dansk	Kongeriget Danmark	c. 800 AD
Deutschland	Deutsch	Bundesrepublik Deutschland	May 24, 1949 (Oct. 3, 1990)
Divehirā`je	Divehi	Divehi Rājjē ge Jumhuriyyā	July 26, 1965
Dominica	English	The Commonwealth of Dominica	Nov. 3, 1978
Dominicana	Español	República Dominicana	Sept. 14, 1863
Druk (´Brug)	´Brug-kä (Dzongkha)	Druk Yul	1971

Eesti	Eesti keel	Eesti Vabariik	Mar. 30, 1990 (Aug. 21, 1991)
Éire, Ireland	Gaeilge, English	Poblacht Na hÉireann, The Irish Republic	Dec. 6, 1921
Elláda	Elliniká	Ellinikí Dimokratía	Jan. 13, 1822
El Salvador	Español	República de El Salvador	Sept. 15, 1821 (Jan. 30, 1841)
`Ērtrā	T-g-riña, al-´Arabīyah (1)	Hagere Ertra, Dawlat	May 24, 1993
España	Español (Castellano); Català (Catalunya), Euskaraz (Euzkadi), Galego (Galiza)	Reino de España	1469 (1492 reconquista)

France

Français

La République Française

843

Gabon	Français	République Gabonaise	Aug. 17, 1960
Gambia	English	The Republic of The Gambia	Feb. 18, 1965
Ghana	English	The Republic of Ghana	Mar. 6, 1957
Great Britain	English; Cymraeg (Cymru), Gàidhlig (Alba)	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) (9)	1707 (UK)
Grenada	English	The State of Grenada	Feb. 7, 1974
Guatemala	Español	República de Guatemala	Sept. 15, 1821 (Apr. 13, 1839)
Guinea Ecuatorial	Español	República de Guinea Ecuatorial	Oct. 12, 1968
Guiné-Bissau	Português	República da Guiné-Bissau	Sept. 10, 1974
Guinée	Français	République de Guinée	Oct. 2, 1958
Guyana	English	The Co-operative Republic of Guyana	May 26, 1966

Han-guk	Hankuko	Taehan Min´guk	Aug. 15, 1948
Hayastan	Hajeřēn (Hayyerèn)	Hayastani Hanrapetut´yun	Aug. 23, 1990 (Oct. 20, 1991)
Honduras	Español	República de Honduras	Sept. 15, 1821 (Oct. 26, 1838)
Hrvatska	Hrvatski	Republika Hrvatska	June 25, 1991 (Oct. 8, 1991)

Ikwadur, (...), Ecuador	Qichwa, Shuar, Español	Ikwadur Suyu, (...), República del Ecuador	Aug. 10, 1809 (May 13, 1830)
Indonesia	Bahasa Indonesia	Republik Indonesia	Aug. 17, 1945 (Dec. 27, 1949)
Îrān	Fārsī	Jomhūrī-ye-Eslamī-ye-Îrān	1501
´Iraqīyah	al-´Arabīyah; Kurdî	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-´Īraqīyah	Oct. 3, 1932
Ísland	Íslenska	Lydvelðið Ísland	June 17, 1944
Italia	Italiano; Deutsch (Südtirol), Français (Val d´Aoste), Slovenski, Ladin, Furlan, Sardu (Sardigna)	Repubblica Italiana	1861
´Ītyōp´yā	´Amārañā (Amareegna) (1)	yeItyop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik	1853

Jamaica	English		Aug. 6, 1962
Jībutīi, Djibouti	al-´Arabīyah, Français	Jumhūrīyah Jībutīi, République de Djibouti	June 27, 1977

Kămpuchéa (Kômpûciĕ)	K´mæer (Khmêr)	Preăh Réachénachakr Kămpuchéa	Nov. 9, 1953
Kenya	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuri ya Kenya, Republic of Kenya	Dec. 12, 1963
Kiribati	I-Kiribati, English	Ribaberikin Kiribati, Republic of Kiribati	July 12, 1979
Komori, Qumur, Comores	Shingazidja, al-´Arabīyah, Français	Udzima wa Komori, Ittihad al-Qumur, l'Union des Comores From Dec 23, 2001; formerly : Jumhurīyat al-Qumur al-Ittihādīyah al-Islāmīyah, (...), République Fédérale Islamique des Comores	July 6, 1975
Kuwayt	al-´Arabīyah	Dawlat al-Kuwayt	Jun. 19, 1961
Kýpros, Kıbrıs	Elleniká, Türkçe	Kypriaki Dimokratía, Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	Jun. 16, 1960
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz, Russkij (from Dec. 2001)	Kyrgyz Respublikasy	Aug. 31, 1991

Laos	Lao-Lum	Satharanarath Pasathipatai Pasason Lao	Oct. 22, 1953
Latvija	Latviešu	Latvijas Republika	May 4, 1990 (Aug. 21, 1991)
Lesotho	Sesotho, English	´Muso oa Lesotho, Kingdom of Lesotho	Oct. 4, 1966
Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg	Lëtzebuergesch, Français, Deutsch	Groussherzogdem Lëtzebuerg, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Großherzogtum Luxemburg	Nov. 13, 1890
Lezzayer, L(d)zayer, al-Jazā`ir	Tmazigt (Apr. 2002), al-´Arabīyah	(...), Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazā`irīyah ad-Dīmuqrātīyah ash-Sha´bīyah	July 5, 1962
Liberia	English	Republic of Liberia	Jul. 26, 1847
Lībīyah	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jamāhīrīyah al-´arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha´bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah	Dec. 24, 1951
Liechtenstein	Deutsch	Fürstentum Liechtenstein	July 12, 1806
Lietuva	Lietuvių	Lietuvos Respublika	Mar. 11, 1990 (July 29, 1991)
Lubnān	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah	Nov. 26, 1941

Madagasikara, Madagascar	Malagasy, Français	Republikan´i Madagasikara, République de Madagascar	Jun. 26, 1960
Maghrib	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah	Aug. 18, 1957
Magyarország	Magyar	Magyar Köztársaság	Nov. 16, 1918
Makedonija, Maqedoni/a	Makedonski, Shqip (from Nov. 2001)	Republika Makedonija, Republika e Maqedonisë	Jan. 25, 1991
Malaŵi	chiChewa, English	Dziko La Malaŵi, Republic of Malaŵi	Jul. 6, 1964
Malaysia	Bahasa Melayu	Persekutuan Tanah Malaysia	Aug. 31, 1957
Mali	Français	République du Mali	Sept. 22, 1960
Malta	bil-Malti, English	Repubblika ta´Malta, Republic of Malta	Sept. 21, 1964
Mauritius	English	Republic of Mauritius	Mar. 12, 1968
Mawrītānīyah	al-´Arabīyah, Français	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mawrītānīyah République Islamique de Mauritanie	Nov. 28, 1960
Mexico	Español	Estados Unidos Mexicanos	Aug. 24, 1821
Micronesia	English	Federated States of Micronesia	Dec. 12, 1990
Mişr	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Mişrīyah al-´Arabīyah	Feb. 28, 1922
Moçambique	Português	República de Moçambique	June 25, 1975
Moldova	Moldoveneşte; Gagauz (Gagauz-Yeri), Ukraïns´ka, Russkij (Trans-Dnister, -Dnestr)	Republica Moldova	Aug. 27, 1991
Monaco	Français	Principauté de Monaco	Febr. 25, 1489
Mongol	Khalkha	Mongol Ulus (Uls)	July 11, 1921
Myanmar	Myanmasa (Bámasákà)	Pyidaungsu Myanma Naingngandaw	Jan. 4, 1948

Namibia	English	The Republic of Namibia	Mar. 21, 1990
Naoero, Nauru	Naoero, English	Republik Naoero, Republic of Nauru	Jan. 31, 1968
Nederland	Nederlands; Frysk (Fryslân)	Koninkrijk der Nederlanden	July 2, 1581 (Oct. 24, 1648)
Nepāl	Nepālī	Nepāl Adhirājya	1768
Nicaragua	Español	República de Nicaragua	Sept. 15, 1821 (Apr. 30, 1838)
Niger	Français	République du Niger	Aug. 3, 1960
Nigeria	English	Federal Republic of Nigeria	Oct. 1, 1960
Nihon (Nippon)	Nihongo	Nihon Koku	before 660 BC
Norge, Noreg, Norga	Norsk (Bokmål 5/6, Nynorsk 1/6); Davvisámegiella (Sápmi), Kveeni (Porsanki) (4)	Kongeriket Norge, Kongeriket Noreg	June 7, 1905 (Oct. 27, 1905)

O - Ö

Österreich	Deutsch; Slovenski, Hrvatski	Republik Österreich	May 15, 1955
O´zbekiston	O´zbek; Qaraqalpaq (Qaraqalpqastan)	O´zbekiston Respublikasy	Aug. 31, 1991

Pākistān	Urdū	Islām-ī Jamhūrīya-e-Pākistān	Aug. 14, 1947
Panamá	Español	República de Panamá	Nov. 3, 1903
Papua Niugini, (...), Papua New Guinea	Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, English	(...), (...), Independent State of Papua New Guinea	Sept. 16, 1975
Paraguay	Ava Ñe´ê (Guaraní), Español	Tetä Paraguáype, República del Paraguay	May 14, 1811
Pilipinas, Philippines	Tagalog (Filipino), English	Repúblika Ñg Pilipinas, Republic of the Philippines	July 4, 1946
Piruw, (...), Perú	Qichwa, Aymará, Español	Piruw Suyu (Piruw Llaqta), (...), República del Perú	July 28, 1821
Polska	Polski	Rzeczpospolita Polska	Oct. 7, 1918 (Nov. 11, 1918)
Portugal	Português	República Portuguesa	1143 (Dec. 1, 1640)

Qaţar	al-´Arabīyah	Dawlat Qaţar	Sept. 3, 1971
Qazaqstan	Qazaq	Qazaqstan Respublikasy	Dec. 16, 1991

România	Română		July 13, 1878
Rossija	Russkij (3)	Rossiiskaya Federatsiya	Nov. 2, 1721 (SSSR : Dec. 30, 1922-Dec. 1991)
Rwanda	Kinyarwanda, Français	Republika y´u Rwanda (y´Urwanda), République Rwandaise	July 1, 1962

Saint Kitts and Nevis	English	The Federation of Saint (St.) Kitts (formerly : Christopher) and Nevis (10)	Sept. 19, 1983
Saint Lucia	English		Feb. 22, 1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	English		Oct. 27, 1979
Sak´art´velo	K´art´uli ; Iron (Xussar Iryston), Abz´âwa (Apsny)	Sak´art´velos Respublikis	Apr. 9, 1991
Samoa	Gagana fa´a Samoa, English	Ole Malo Tutoatasi o Samoa, Independent State of Samoa	Jan. 1, 1962
San Marino	Italiano (Romagnol spoken)	Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino	Sept. 3, 301
São Tomé e Príncipe	Português	República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe	Jul. 12, 1975
Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizzra + Helvetia	Deutsch, Français, Italiano, Rumantsch (5)	Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, La Confédération suisse, La Confederazione Svizzera, La Confederaziun svizzra, Confoederatio Helvetica	Aug. 1291 (Sept. 22, 1499)
Senegaal, Sénégal	Wolof, Français	Réewum Senegaal, République du Sénégal	June 20, 1960
Sesel, Seychelles	Seselwa, Français, English	Repiblik Sesel, République des Seychelles, Republic of Seychelles	June 29, 1976
Shqipëri/a	Shqip (12)	Republika e Shqipërisë	Nov. 28, 1912
Sierra Leone	English	The Republic of Sierra Leone	Apr. 27, 1961
Sin-chia-p´o (Xīn jiā pō) (1), Singapura (2), Ciŋakappūr (3), Singapore (4)	Pu tong hua (1), Bahasa Melayu (2), Tamil (3), English (4)	Hsin-chia-p´o (Xīn jiā pō) Kung-ho-kuo, Repablik Singapura, Ciŋakappūr Kudiyarasu, Republic of Singapore	Aug. 9, 1965
Slovenija	Slovenski (14)	Republika Slovenija	Oct. 8, 1991
Slovensko	Slovenčina	Slovenská Republika	Jan. 1, 1993
Solomon Islands	English		July 7, 1978
Soomaaliya	af Soomaali, al-´Arabīyah	Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiya Soomaaliya, Al-Jumhūrīyah As-Somalya ad-Dīmuqrātīyah	June 26, 1960, July 1, 1960
South Africa (1), Suid-Afrika (2), Sewula Afrika (3), Mzantsi Afrika (4), Ningizimu Afrika (5,8), Afrika-Borwa (6,7), Aferika-Borwa (9), Afrika Tsimpembe (10), Afrika-Dzonga (11)	English (1), Afrikaans (2), isiNdebele (3), isiXhosa (4), isiZulu (5), Sesotho saLeboa (Sepedi)(6), Sesotho (7), siSwati (8), Setswana (9), Tshivenda (10), Xitsonga (11)	Republic of South Africa, Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Repabliki we Sewula Afrika, iRiphabliki ya Mzantsi Afrika, Riphabliki yase Ningizimu Afrika, Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa, Rapabliki ya Aferika-Borwa, Riphabuliki ya Afrika Tshimpembe, Riphabliki ya Afrika-Dzonga	May 31, 1910
Srbija i Crna Gora	Srpski; Shqip (11) (Kosovë), Magyar (Vajdaság) (13)	Until Feb. 4, 2003 : Savezna Republika Jugoslavija	(Apr. 29, 1992)
Śrī Lankā, Ilangai	Sinhala, Tamil	Śrī Lankā Prajātāntrika Samājāwadī Janarajaya, Ilangai jananayage socialisak kudiarasu	Feb. 4, 1948
Sūdān	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūdān	Jan. 1, 1956
Suomi, Finland	Suomen kieli, Svenska; Sámi (7)	Suomen Tasavalta, Republiken Finland	Dec. 6, 1917
Suriname	Nederlands	Republiek Suriname	Nov. 25, 1975
Sūrīyah	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-´Arabīyah as-Sūrīyah	Sept. 28, 1941 (Apr. 17, 1946)
Sverige	Svenska; Sámi, Suomen kieli (8)	Kongungariket Sverige	before 836
Swatini	siSwati, English	Umbuso we Swatini, Kingdom of Swaziland	Sept. 6, 1968

T´ai-wan	Hö-ló-oë	Chung-hua Min-kuo	(Jan. 1, 1912)
Tanzania	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania	Dec. 9, 1961
Taschaad (Tachâd), Tchad	al-´Arabīyah, Français	Jumhūrīyah Taschaad, République du Tchad	Aug. 11, 1960
T´hai	P´a:sa:t´aj	Pratet (Prades) T´hai, Mŭaŋt´aj	1350
Timor Lorosa'e, Timor Leste	Tetun, Português	Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e, República Democrática de Timor Leste	May 20, 2002
Toçikiston	Toçikī	Jumhurii Toçikiston	Sept. 9, 1991
Togo	Français	République Togolaise	Apr. 27, 1960
Tonga	Faka-Tonga´, English	Pule´anga Fakatu´i ´o Tonga, Kingdom of Tonga	Jun. 4, 1970
Trinidad and Tobago	English	The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	Aug. 31, 1962
Tūnis	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah	Mar. 20, 1956
Tuvalu	´Gana Tuvalu, English		Oct. 1, 1978
Türkiye	Türkçe (Osmanlı)	Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Oct. 29, 1923
Türkmenistan	Türkmençe	Türkmenistan Jumhuriyäti	Oct. 27, 1991

Uganda	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuriya Uganda, Republic of Uganda	Oct. 9, 1962
Ukraïna	Ukraïns´ka; Russkij (Krym), Qýrýmtatarca (Qýrým)		Aug. 24, 1991
´Umān	al-´Arabīyah	Saltanat ´Umān	1650
United States	English	United States of America (USA)	July 4, 1776
Urdun	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Mamlakah al-Urdunnīyah al-Hashimīyah	Mar. 22, 1946
Uruguay	Español	República Oriental del Uruguay	Aug. 25, 1825

Vanuatu	Bislama, English, Français	Ripablik Blong Vanuatu, Republic of Vanuatu, République de Vanuatu	July 30, 1980
Vaticanum, Vaticano	Latina, Italiano	Status Civitatis Vaticanae, Stato della Città del Vaticano	June 7, 1929
Venezuela	Español	República Bolivariana de Venezuela	July 5, 1811 (Sept. 22, 1830)
Viêt Nam	Tiêng Viêt	Công Hoà Xã Hoî Chu Nghi Viêt Nam	Dec. 29, 1954 (July 2, 1976)
Viti, Fiji	Na Vosa Vakaviti, Hindustani (Fijian Hindī), English	Na Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti, (...), Republic of the Fiji Islands From July 27, 1998; formerly : Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji	Oct. 10, 1970

Wuliwya, Bolivia

Qichwa, Aymará, Tupiguaraní, Español

Wuliwya Suyu, (...), (...), República de Bolivia

Aug. 6, 1825

Yaman	al-´Arabīyah	Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah	Oct. 30, 1918 (N), Nov. 30, 1967 (S) (May 22, 1990)
Yisra´él, Isrā´īl	Iwrit, al-´Arabīyah	Medinat Yisra´él, Dawlat Isrā´īl	May 14, 1948 = Ijar 5, 5708

Zambia	English	Republic of Zambia	Oct. 24, 1964
Zhongguo	Zhōng-wéi; 5 autonomous regions (6)	Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguó	1523 BC (Oct. 1, 1949)
Zimbabwe	English	Republic of Zimbabwe	Apr. 18, 1980

Internal Link :

Dependent and Outlying Areas

General sources :

Der Fischer Weltalmanach
Kunnskapsforlagets Store Norske Leksikon
Whitaker´s Almanack
Britannica World Data

General notes :

1. An alternative transcription in al-´Arabīyah (Arabic) is an ending of -yya instead of -yah.

2. There are several alternative transcriptions for some of the languages, especially Asian languages.

3. In the survey of official languages, a semicolon (;) indicates that the following language(s) are official in regions of the country only.

4. 29 writing systems - scripts - are in common use in the world today : Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Japanese, Kannada, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Maldivian, Mongolian, Oriya, Sinhalese, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Tibetan, and Urdu

5. English is the official language of 53 independent states and 12 dependent areas.

6. French is the official language of 26 independent states and 7 dependent areas.

7. Arabic is the official language of 23 independent states and 3 dependent areas.

8. Spanish is the official language of 20 independent states and 1 dependent area.

9. Portuguese is the official language of 8 independent states and 1 dependent area.

10. German is the official language of 5 independent states.

11. Italian is the official language of 4 independent states.

12. Dutch is the official language of 3 independent states and 2 dependent areas.

13. Bahasa Melayu is the official language of 3 independent states.

14. Russian is the official language of 3 independent states.

15. kiSwahili is the official language of 3 independent states.

16. Tamil is the official language of 2 independent states.

17. Quechua is the official language of 2 independent states.

18. Aymará is the official language of 2 independent states.

19. Guaraní is the official language of 2 independent states.

20. Setswana is the official language of 2 independent states.

21. Sesotho is the official language of 2 independent states.

22. siSwati is the official language of 2 independent states.

23. Korean is the official language of 2 independent states.

24. Albanian is the official language of 2 independent states.

25. Greek is the official language of 2 independent states.

26. Serbian is the official language of 2 independent states.

27. Croatian is the official language of 2 independent states.

28. Swedish is the official language of 2 independent countries.

29. Turkish is the official language of 2 independent states.

Special notes :

(1). "Working" language(s)

(2). Hindi is the national language, English is an "associated" langauge. Additionally, the following 16 languages are official regional languages : Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. 11 scripts are in use.

(3). Rossija (Russia) consists of 89 units (49 oblast, 2 federal cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg), 21 autonomous republics, 10 autonomous areas/okrug (AO), 6 autonomous territories (kray); Altay, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primor´ye, Stavropol´), and 1 autonomous region/oblast´ (Evrey)

21 autonomous republics :

Name of republic in Russian (transcripted)/Name of republic in other official language(s)
S= In Sibiria, C= In Caucasus, N= In the North, U= In Ural, V=In the Volga area, L= Official language(s)
R.= Per cent Russians of the total population 1989

Adygeya/Adyge (C) : L= Adyge(y), Russkij; R. 66%

Bashkortostan/Bašqortostan (U) : L= Bashkort tele, Russkij; R. 38%

Buryatiya/Burjaad (Buriad Ulus) (S) : L= Buryat, Russkij; R. 67%

Chechnya-Ichkeriya/Noxçiyçö (C) : L= Noxçiyn (1997); R. 22%

Chuvashiya/Čâvaš-jen (V) : L= Chuvash, Russkij; R. 27 %

Dagestan/Dağistan (Avar)/Dağustan (Lezgin) (C) : L= Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lak (Lezgin), Russkij; R. 9 %

Gorno-Altay´ (Altay´)/ (S) : L= Altay, Russkij; R. 56 %

Ingushia/Ğalğajče (C) : L= Ghalghaaj mott, Russkij

Kabardino-Balkariya/Qeberdej-Baŀqer (K-C)/Qabarty-Malqar (K-B) (C) : L= Qaraçayça-Malqarça (Karachay-Balkar), Kabardin-Cherkess, Russkij; R. 31 %

Kalmykiya/Haljmg Tañč (V) : L= Xalbmg, Russkij; R. 37 %

Karachay-Cherkessiya/Qaračaj-Čerkes (K-B)/Qereşej-Šerdžes (K-C) (C) : L= Qaraçayça-Malqarça (Karachay-Balkar), Kabardin-Cherkess, Russkij; R. 39 %

Kareliya/Karjala (N) : L= Suomen kieli (Karelian spoken), Russkij; R. 73 %

Khakassiya/Xakasskaj Respublika (S) : Khakass, Russkij; R. 79 %

Komi/Komi (N) : L= Komi(-zyryan), Russkij; R. 57 %

Mari´-El/Marij Èl (V) : L= Western Mari, Eastern Mari, Russkij; R. 47 %

Mordoviya/Mordovija (V) : L= Erzjanj Kelj, Mokšenj Kälj, Russkij; R. 61 %

Severnaja (= North) Osetiya-Alaniya/Cægat Iryston (C) : L= Iron, Russkij; R. 39 %

Sakha/Sakha Omuk (S) : L= Sakha (Yakut), Russkij; R. 50 %

Tatarstan/Tatarstan (V) : L= Tatarča, Russkij; R. 41 %

Tuva/Tyva (S) : L= Tyva (Tuvin), Russkij; R. 31 %

Udmurtiya/Udmurtija (U) : L= Udmurt, Russkij; R. 58 %

Basic statistics; summary of the 21 autonomous republics :

Area : 4 876 900 km2 (largest : Sakha (3 103 200 km2), 28,6 % of Russia
Population 1989 : 23 270 000 inhabitants (Bashkortostan 3 964 000, Tatarstan 3 658 000), 15,8 % of the total population of Russia.
Number of official languages : 27 (Russian included).
Largest ethnical group : Russian : 9 963 000 = 42,8 %, Tatar, Chuvash, Bashkir, Mordvinian, Chechen, Udmurt, Mari, Avar.

10 autonomous areas/districts/okrug (AO) :

Agin-Buryat AO (Aga-Buryatiya) (S) : L= Buryat (42 000/77 000), Russkij; R. 40 %

Chukchi AO (S) : L= Chukchi (12 000/164 000), Russkij; R. 66 %, U. 17 %

Evenk AO (S) : Evenk 3 500/25 000; R. 68 %

Khanty-Mansi (S) : Khant 12 000, Mansi 6 600/1 282 000; R. 66 %, U. 12 %

Komi-Permyak (U) : L= Komi-Permyak (95 000/159 000), Russkij; R. 36 %

Koryak AO (S) : Koryak 6 600/40 000; R. 63 %

Nenets/Nenëtsië (N) : L= Russkij. Nenets 6 500/54 000; R. 65 %

Taymyr (Dolgano-Nenets AO) (S) :L= Russkij. Dolgani 6 600/56 000; R. 66 %

Ust-Ordin AO (Ust-Orda Buryat) (S) : Buryat 42 000/136 000; R. 57 %

Yamalo-Nenets (S) : Nenets 21 000/495 000; R. 59 %, U. 17 %

(4). Official languages of the 435 municipalities, as of 2001 :

Bokmål : 164, Nynorsk : 116, Neutral : 155. (In Vestlandet : 5 of 124 Bokmål, 92 of 124 Nynorsk).
5 municipalities are officially bilingual (Davvisámegiella-Norsk) :
Gáivuotna-Kåfjord, Unjárga-Nesseby, Guovdageaidnu-Kautokeino, Deatnu-Tana, Kárášjohka-Karasjok.
1 municipality is officially trilingual from 2001 : (Davvisámegiella, Kveeni, Norsk) : Porsáŋgu-Porsanki-Porsanger. Kveeni is a dialect of Finnish.

Recognized national minorities in Norway : Sámi (L= Davvisámigiella, Julevsámegiella, Åarjelsaemiengïele), Kveeni, Skogfinner (in Finnskog) (L= Finnish dialects), Jews (L= Yiddish, Iwrit), Rom/Gypsy, and the Romani (Tatere/Reisende) people (L= Romani).

(5). Graubünden-Grischun-Grigioni is officially trilingual of the cantonal level; of 212 Gemeinden (municipalities), 138 are officially Deutsch-, 49 Rumantsch Grischun-, and 25 Italiano-speaking.

(6). Autonomous regions (5) of China :

English name/Chinese transcripted/Local name; L=language

Inner Mongolia/Nei Monggol/Obor Mongol; L=Khalkha (Mongolian)

Kwansi Chuang/Guangxi Zhuang/; L=Cuaŋ

Ningsia Hui/Ningxia Hui/;

Sinkiang Uighur/Xinjiang Uygur/Uyğuristan; L=Uyğurçe, Qazaq

Tibet/Xizang/Bod; L= Bodskad

Additionally, there are 31 autonomous Chou and 111 autonomous Hsien.

(7). As of the end of 2000, Finland consists of 448 municipalities :

Official language is Finnish in 381, Finnish and Saami Languages in 4, Swedish and Finnish in 42 (Swedish majority in 22, Finnish majority in 20), Swedish in 21 (of which all 16 municipalities of Åland).

Sámi are official in 4 municipalities : Anár-Aanaar-Aanar-Inari (D,A,S), (4 langauges are official !), Eanodat-Enontekiö (D), Soađegilli-Sodankylä (in Vuohčču-Vuotso parish) (D), Ohcejohka-Utsjoki (D). Saami majority in the last mentioned municipality.

Anarâškiâla (= A), Davvisámegiella (= D), Sää'm³iõll (= S).

(8). As of 2001, Sweden consists of 289 municipalities :

After April 1, 2000 the "Lag 1999:1176" gives Finnish/Meänkieli (Tornedalsfinska) an official status in 5 municipalities : Váhčir-Jällivaara-Gällivare, Haaparanta-Haparanda, Giron-Kiiruna-Kiruna, Pajala and Matarenki-Övertorneå. Sámi is official in Árjepluovve-Arjeplog (J), Váhčir-Jällivaara-Gällivare (D), Giron-Kiiruna-Kiruna (D) and Johkamohkki-Jokkmokk (J). Åarjelsaemiengïele, Yiddish and Romani chib are also recognized as national minority languages.

Davvisámegiella (= D), Julevsámegiella (= J)

(9). Crown Dependencies, not integrated parts of the UK are :

Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey (with dependencies : Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou). Official languages of the Channel Islands : English and French.

(10). Official name until 1987 : Saint (St.) Christopher and Nevis.

(11). Suspended in 1989. UN Administration since 1999.

(12). Two major dialects : Gegënishte (north) and Toskënishte (south); Arbëresh (in Italy).

(13). In the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina the Statute grants the official use of Hungarian, Slovakian, Romanian and Ruthenian along with Serbian language.

Hungarian language and alphabet is in the official use in 29 municipalities and in the town of Novi Sad, Slovakian language and alphabet in 14 municipalities and Novi Sad, Romanian in 10 municipalities and Ruthenian in 4 municipalities and Novi Sad.

(14). Constitution of Slovenia; Article 11 :

The official language in Slovenia is Slovene. In those municipalities where Italian or Hungarian national communities reside, Italian or Hungarian shall also be official languages.

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