Original 2 Original script

Flag Local short form	Official, national or administrative language(s)	Official form	Date of independence
Aelōn In , Marshall Islands	Kajin- , English	Aolepān Aorōkin , Republic of the Marshall Islands	Dec. 22, 1990
افغانستان	, دري	د افغانستان اسلامی دولت , دولت انتقالی افغانستان (16)	Aug. 8, 1919
الامارات	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الإمارات العربية المتحدة	Dec. 2, 1971
Andorra	Català	Principat d´Andorra	Sept. 8, 1278 (June 3, 1993)
Angola	Português	República de Angola	Nov. 11, 1975
Antigua and Barbuda	English	State of Antigua and Barbuda	Nov. 1, 1981
Aotearoa, New Zealand	Te Reo Māori, English		Sept. 26, 1907
العربية السعودية	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	المملكة العربية السعودية	Sept. 18, 1932
Argentina	Español	República Argentina	July 9, 1816
Australia	English	The Commonwealth of Australia	Jan. 1, 1901
Ayiti, Haïti,	Kreyòl Ayisyen, Français	Repiblik d Ayiti, République d´Haïti	Jan. 1, 1804
	Azərice (Azərbaycanca); Հայերեն (Արցախ)		Oct. 18, 1991




---

Bahamas	English	The Commonwealth of The Bahamas	July 10, 1973
بحرين	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	المملكة-البحرين New name from Feb. 14, 2002; formerly : دولة البحرين	Aug. 18, 1971
България	Български	Република България	Oct. 5, 1908
			March 26, 1971
Barbados	English (Bajan spoken) (17)		Nov. 30, 1966
Bêafrîka	Sängö, Français	Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka, République Centrafricaine	Aug. 13, 1960
Беларусь	Беларуская, Русский	Рэспубліка Беларусь, Республика Беларусь	Aug. 25, 1991
Belau, Palau	Tek oi er a Belau, English	Bel´u era Belau, Republic of Palau	Oct. 1, 1994
België, Belgique	Nederlands (Vlaanderen), Français (Wallonie); Deutsch	Koninkrijk België, Royaume de Belgique	Oct. 4, 1830
Belize	English (23)		Sept. 21, 1981
Bénin	Français	République du Bénin	Aug. 1, 1960
	, English (2)	, The Republic of India	Aug. 15, 1947
Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина	Bosanski, Hrvatski, Српски		Apr. 5, 1992
Botswana	Setswana, English	(...), The Republic of Botswana	Sept. 30, 1966
Brasil	Português Brasileiro	República Federativa do Brasil	Sept. 7, 1822
Brunei	Bahasa Melayu	Negara Brunei Darussalam	Jan. 1, 1984
Burkina Faso	Français	République démocratique du Burkina Faso	Aug. 5, 1960
Burundi	kiRundi, Français	Republika y´u Burundi (y´Uburundi), République du Burundi	July 1, 1962




---

Cabo Verde	Português (25)	República de Cabo Verde	July 5, 1975
Cameroun, Cameroon	Français English	République du Cameroun, Republic of Cameroon	Jan. 1, 1960
Canada	English, Français;		July 1, 1867
Česko	Čeština	Česká republika	Jan. 1, 1993
Chile	Español	República de Chile	Feb. 12, 1818
조선 (북조선)	한국어	조선 민주주의 인민 공화국	Sept. 9, 1948
Colombia	Español	República de Colombia	July 20, 1810 (Aug. 7, 1819)
Congo	Français	République démocratique du Congo	June 30, 1960
Congo	Français	République du Congo-Brazzaville	Aug. 15, 1960
Costa Rica	Español	República de Costa Rica	Sept. 15, 1821 (Nov. 14, 1838)
Côte d´Ivoire	Français	République de la Côte d´Ivoire	Aug. 7, 1960
Cuba	Español	República de Cuba	1901




---

Danmark	Dansk	Kongeriget Danmark	c. 800 AD
Deutschland	Deutsch	Bundesrepublik Deutschland	May 24, 1949 (Oct. 3, 1990)
			July 26, 1965
Dominica	English	The Commonwealth of Dominica	Nov. 3, 1978
Dominicana	Español	República Dominicana	Sept. 14, 1863
		Druk-Gyal-Khab	Feb. 12, 1971




---

Eesti	Eesti keel	Eesti Vabariik	Mar. 30, 1990 (Aug. 21, 1991)
Éire, Ireland	Gaeilge, English	Poblacht Na hÉireann, The Irish Republic	Dec. 6, 1921
Ελλάδα	Ελληνικά	Ελληνική Δημοκρατία	Jan. 13, 1822
El Salvador	Español	República de El Salvador	Sept. 15, 1821 (Jan. 30, 1841)
, أرتيريا	, ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ (1)	, دولة أرتيريا	May 24, 1993
España	Español (Castellano); Català (Catalunya), Euskaraz (Euzkadi), Galego (Galiza)	Reino de España	1469 (1492 reconquista)




---

France

Français

La République française

843




---

Gabon	Français	République gabonaise	Aug. 17, 1960
Gambia	English	The Republic of The Gambia	Feb. 18, 1965
Ghana	English	The Republic of Ghana	Mar. 6, 1957
Great Britain	English; Cymraeg (Cymru), Gàidhlig (Alba)	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) (9) (21)	1707 (UK)
Grenada	English	The State of Grenada	Feb. 7, 1974
Guatemala	Español	República de Guatemala	Sept. 15, 1821 (Apr. 13, 1839)
Guinea Ecuatorial	Español	República de Guinea Ecuatorial	Oct. 12, 1968
Guiné-Bissau	Português	República da Guiné-Bissau	Sept. 10, 1974
Guinée	Français	République de Guinée	Oct. 2, 1958
Guyana	English	The Co-operative Republic of Guyana	May 26, 1966




---

한국	한국어	대한민국	Aug. 15, 1948
Հայաստան	Հայերեն	Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն	Aug. 23, 1990 (Oct. 20, 1991)
Honduras	Español	República de Honduras	Sept. 15, 1821 (Oct. 26, 1838)
Hrvatska	Hrvatski	Republika Hrvatska	June 25, 1991 (Oct. 8, 1991)




---

Ikwadur, (...), Ecuador	Qichwa, Shuar, Español	Ikwadur Suyu, (...), República del Ecuador	Aug. 10, 1809 (May 13, 1830)
Indonesia	Bahasa Indonesia	Republik Indonesia	Aug. 17, 1945 (Dec. 27, 1949)
ايران	فارسي	جمهوري اسلامي ايران	1501
العراق	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ ; (كوردستان) كوردي	جمهورية العراق	Oct. 3, 1932
Ísland	Íslenska	Lydvelðið Ísland	June 17, 1944
Italia	Italiano; Deutsch (Südtirol), Français (Val d´Aoste), Slovenski, Ladin, Furlan, Sardu (Sardigna)	Repubblica Italiana	1861
	(1)		1853




---

Jamaica	English (Patwa spoken)		Aug. 6, 1962
جيبوتي , Djibouti	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ , Français	جمهورية جيبوتي , République de Djibouti	June 27, 1977




---

			Nov. 9, 1953
Kenya	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuri ya Kenya, Republic of Kenya	Dec. 12, 1963
Kiribati	I-Kiribati, English	Ribaberikin Kiribati, Republic of Kiribati	July 12, 1979
Komori, القمر, Comores	Shikomori (19), ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ , Français	Udzima wa Komori, الاتحاد القمر , l'Union des Comores From Dec 23, 2001; formerly : جمهورية القمر الاتحادية الاسلامية , (...), République fédérale islamique des Comores	July 6, 1975
الكويت	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	دولة الكويت	Jun. 19, 1961
Κύπρος, Kıbrıs	Ελληνικά, Türkçe	Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	Jun. 16, 1960
Кыргызстан	Кыргызча, Русский (from Dec. 2001)	Кыргыз Республикасы, Кыргызская Республика	Aug. 31, 1991




---

			Oct. 22, 1953
Latvija	Latviešu	Latvijas Republika	May 4, 1990 (Aug. 21, 1991)
Lesotho	Sesotho, English	´Muso oa Lesotho, Kingdom of Lesotho	Oct. 4, 1966
Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, Luxemburg	Lëtzebuergesch, Français, Deutsch	Groussherzogdem Lëtzebuerg, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Großherzogtum Luxemburg	Nov. 13, 1890
, Lezzayer, L(d)zayer, الجزائر	Tmazigt (from Apr. 2002), ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	(...), الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية	July 5, 1962
Liberia	English	Republic of Liberia	Jul. 26, 1847
ليبية	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية	Dec. 24, 1951
Liechtenstein	Deutsch	Fürstentum Liechtenstein	July 12, 1806
Lietuva	Lietuvių	Lietuvos Respublika	Mar. 11, 1990 (July 29, 1991)
لبنان	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الجمهورية اللبنانية	Nov. 26, 1941




---

Madagasikara, Madagascar	Malagasy, Français	Republikan´i Madagasikara, République de Madagascar	Jun. 26, 1960
المغرب	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	المملكة المغربية	Aug. 18, 1957
Magyarország	Magyar	Magyar Köztársaság	Nov. 16, 1918
Македонија, Maqedoni/a	Македонски, Shqip (from Nov. 2001)	Република Македонија, Republika e Maqedonisë	Jan. 25, 1991
Malaŵi	chiChewa, English	Dziko La Malaŵi, Republic of Malaŵi	Jul. 6, 1964
Malaysia	Bahasa Melayu	Persekutuan Tanah Malaysia	Aug. 31, 1957
Mali	Français	République du Mali	Sept. 22, 1960
Malta	bil-Malti, English	Repubblika ta´Malta, Republic of Malta	Sept. 21, 1964
Mauritius	English (27)	Republic of Mauritius	Mar. 12, 1968
موريتانيا	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ , Français	جمهورية موريتانيا الإسلامية , République islamique de Mauritanie	Nov. 28, 1960
Mexico	Español	Estados Unidos Mexicanos	Aug. 24, 1821
Micronesia	English	Federated States of Micronesia	Dec. 12, 1990
مصر	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	جمهورية مصر العربية	Feb. 28, 1922
Moçambique	Português	República de Moçambique	June 25, 1975
Moldova	Moldoveneşte; Gagauzça (Gagauziya, Gagauz-Yeri), Украïнська, Русский (Trans-Dnister, Приднестровье) (15)	Republica Moldova	Aug. 27, 1991
Monaco	Français	Principauté de Monaco	Febr. 25, 1489
Монгол	Халха (Монгол хэл)	Монгол Улс	July 11, 1921
,			Jan. 4, 1948




---

Namibia	English	The Republic of Namibia	Mar. 21, 1990
Naoero, Nauru	Naoero, English	Republik Naoero, Republic of Nauru	Jan. 31, 1968
Nederland	Nederlands; Frysk (Fryslân)	Koninkrijk der Nederlanden	July 2, 1581 (Oct. 24, 1648)
			1768
Nicaragua	Español	República de Nicaragua	Sept. 15, 1821 (Apr. 30, 1838)
Niger	Français	République du Niger	Aug. 3, 1960
Nigeria	English	Federal Republic of Nigeria	Oct. 1, 1960
日本	日本語	日本国	before 660 BC
Norge, Noreg, (+ Norga)	Norsk (Bokmål 5/6, Nynorsk 1/6); Davvisámegiella (Sápmi), Kveeni (Porsanki) (4)	Kongeriket Norge, Kongeriket Noreg	June 7, 1905 (Oct. 27, 1905)




---

Österreich	Deutsch; Slovenski, Hrvatski	Republik Österreich	May 15, 1955
O’zbekiston	O’zbekcha; Qaraqalpaq (Qaraqalpqastan)	O’zbekiston Respublikasy	Aug. 31, 1991




---

پاکستان	اردو	اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان	Aug. 14, 1947
Panamá	Español	República de Panamá	Nov. 3, 1903
Papua Niugini, (...), Papua New Guinea	Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, English	(...), (...), Independent State of Papua New Guinea	Sept. 16, 1975
Paraguái, Paraguay	Ava Ñe´ê (=Guaraní), Español	Tetä Paraguáype, República del Paraguay	May 14, 1811
Pilipinas, Philippines	Tagalog (Filipino), English	Repúblika Ñg Pilipinas, Republic of the Philippines	July 4, 1946
Piruw, (...), Perú	Qichwa, Aymará, Español	Piruw Suyu (Piruw Llaqta), (...), República del Perú	July 28, 1821
Polska	Polski	Rzeczpospolita Polska	Oct. 7, 1918 (Nov. 11, 1918)
Portugal	Português	República Portuguesa	1143 (Dec. 1, 1640)




---

قطر	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	دولة قطر	Sept. 3, 1971
			Dec. 16, 1991




---

România	Română		July 13, 1878
Россия	Русский (3)	Российская Федерация	Nov. 2, 1721 (SSSR : Dec. 30, 1922-Dec. 26, 1991 ) (18)
Rwanda	Kinyarwanda, Français	Republika y´u Rwanda (y´Urwanda), République rwandaise	July 1, 1962




---

Saint Kitts and Nevis	English	The Federation of Saint (St.) Kitts and Nevis (10)	Sept. 19, 1983
Saint Lucia	English (24)		Feb. 22, 1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	English		Oct. 27, 1979
საქართველო	ქართული; Ирон (Хуссар Ирыстон), Aҧсуа бысжѡа (Аҧсны)	საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა	Apr. 9, 1991
Samoa	Gagana fa´a Samoa, English	Ole Malo Tutoatasi o Samoa, Independent State of Samoa	Jan. 1, 1962
San Marino	Italiano (Romagnol spoken)	Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino	Sept. 3, 301
São Tomé e Príncipe	Português	República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe	Jul. 12, 1975
Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera, Svizzra + Helvetia	Deutsch, Français, Italiano, Rumantsch (5)	Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, La Confédération suisse, La Confederazione Svizzera, La Confederaziun svizzra, Confoederatio Helvetica	Aug. 1291 (Sept. 22, 1499)
Senegaal, Sénégal	Wolof, Français	Réewum Senegaal, République du Sénégal	June 20, 1960
Sesel, Seychelles	Seselwa, Français, English	Repiblik Sesel, République des Seychelles, Republic of Seychelles	June 29, 1976
Shqipëri/a	Shqip (12)	Republika e Shqipërisë	Nov. 28, 1912
Sierra Leone	English	The Republic of Sierra Leone	Apr. 27, 1961
新加坡 (1), Singapura (2), (3), Singapore (4)	(1), Bahasa Melayu (2), (3), English (4)	新加坡共和国, Repablik Singapura, , Republic of Singapore	Aug. 9, 1965
Slovenija	Slovenski (14)	Republika Slovenija	Oct. 8, 1991
Slovensko	Slovenčina	Slovenská Republika	Jan. 1, 1993
Solomon Islands	English		July 7, 1978
Soomaaliya, الصومال	af Soomaali , ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed, جمهورية الصومال (20) transitional government; 1969-91 : Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiya Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال الديمقراطية	June 26, 1960, July 1, 1960
South Africa (1), Suid-Afrika (2), Sewula Afrika (3), Mzantsi Afrika (4), Ningizimu Afrika (5,8), Afrika-Borwa (6,7), Aferika-Borwa (9), Afrika Tsimpembe (10), Afrika-Dzonga (11)	English (1), Afrikaans (2), isiNdebele (3), isiXhosa (4), isiZulu (5), Sesotho saLeboa (Sepedi)(6), Sesotho (7), siSwati (8), Setswana (9), Tshivenda (10), Xitsonga (11)	Republic of South Africa, Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Repabliki we Sewula Afrika, iRiphabliki ya Mzantsi Afrika, Riphabliki yase Ningizimu Afrika, Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa, Rapabliki ya Aferika-Borwa, Riphabuliki ya Afrika Tshimpembe, Riphabliki ya Afrika-Dzonga	May 31, 1910
Србија и Црна Гора	Српски; Shqip (11) (Kosovë), Magyar (Vajdaság) (13)	Државна заједница Србије и Црне Горе Until Feb. 4, 2003 : Савезна Република Југославија	(Apr. 29, 1992)
,	,	,	Feb. 4, 1948
السودان	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	جمهورية السودان	Jan. 1, 1956
Suomi, Finland	Suomen kieli, Svenska; Sámi (7)	Suomen Tasavalta, Republiken Finland	Dec. 6, 1917
Suriname	Nederlands (26)	Republiek Suriname	Nov. 25, 1975
سورية	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الجمهورية العربية السورية	Sept. 28, 1941 (Apr. 17, 1946)
Sverige	Svenska; Sámi, Suomen kieli (8)	Kongungariket Sverige	before 836
Swatini (Ngwane)	siSwati, English	Umbuso we Swatini (also : Umbuso wakaNgwane), Kingdom of Swaziland	Sept. 6, 1968




---

台灣		中华民国 (22)	(Jan. 1, 1912)
Tanzania	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania	Dec. 9, 1961
تشاد , Tchad	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ , Français	جمهورية تشاد , République du Tchad	Aug. 11, 1960
ไทย	ภาษาไทย	ประเทศไทย, เมืองไทย	1350
Timor Lorosa'e, Timor Leste	Tetun, Português	Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e, República Democrática de Timor Leste	May 20, 2002
			Sept. 9, 1991
Togo	Français	République togolaise	Apr. 27, 1960
Tonga	Faka-Tonga´, English	Pule´anga Fakatu´i ´o Tonga, Kingdom of Tonga	Jun. 4, 1970
Trinidad and Tobago	English	The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	Aug. 31, 1962
تونس	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الجمهورية التونسية	Mar. 20, 1956
Tuvalu	´Gana Tuvalu, English		Oct. 1, 1978
Türkiye	Türkçe (Osmanlı)	Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Oct. 29, 1923
Türkmenistan	Türkmençe	Türkmenistan Jumhuriyäti	Oct. 27, 1991




---

Uganda	kiSwahili, English	Jamhuriya Uganda, Republic of Uganda	Oct. 9, 1962
Україна	Украïнська; Русский (Крым), Qýrýmtatarca (Qýrým)		Aug. 24, 1991
عمان	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	سلطنة عمان	1650
United States	English; Español (Nueva México), ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawai'i)	United States of America (USA)	July 4, 1776
الأردن	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية	Mar. 22, 1946
Uruguay	Español	República Oriental del Uruguay	Aug. 25, 1825




---

Vanuatu	Bislama, English, Français	Ripablik Blong Vanuatu, Republic of Vanuatu, République de Vanuatu	July 30, 1980
Vaticanum, Vaticano	Latina, Italiano	Status Civitatis Vaticanae (Sancta Sedes), Stato della Città del Vaticano (Santa Sede)	June 7, 1929
Venezuela	Español	República Bolivariana de Venezuela	July 5, 1811 (Sept. 22, 1830)
Việt Nam	Tiếng Việt	Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam	Dec. 29, 1954 (July 2, 1976)
Viti, Fiji	Na Vosa Vakaviti, (Fiji Baat spoken), English	Na Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti, (...), Republic of the Fiji Islands From July 27, 1998; formerly : Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji	Oct. 10, 1970




---

Wuliwya, Bolivia

Qichwa, Aymará, Tupiguaraní, Español

Wuliwya Suyu, (...), (...), República de Bolivia

Aug. 6, 1825




---

اليمن	ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	الجمهورية اليمنية	Oct. 30, 1918 (N), Nov. 30, 1967 (S) (May 22, 1990)
ישראל , إسرائيل	עברית , ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ	מדינת ישראל , دولة إسرائيل	May 14, 1948 = Ijar 5, 5708




---

Zambia	English	Republic of Zambia	Oct. 24, 1964
中国	; 5 autonomous regions (6)	中华人民共和国	1523 BC (Oct. 1, 1949)
Zimbabwe	English	Republic of Zimbabwe	Apr. 18, 1980




---


Internal Link : Dependent and Outlying Areas



---


General sources :

Der Fischer Weltalmanach
Kunnskapsforlagets Store Norske Leksikon
Whitaker´s Almanack
Britannica World Data



---


General notes :

Official name as local short form.

1. An alternative transcription in ﺔﻴﺐﺮﻌﻠﺍ (Arabic) is an ending of -yya instead of -yah.

2. There are several alternative transcriptions for some of the languages, especially Asian languages.

3. In the survey of official languages, a semicolon (;) indicates that the following language(s) are official in regions of the country only.

4. 29 writing systems - scripts - are in common use in the world today : Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Japanese, Kannada, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Maldivian, Mongolian, Oriya, Sinhalese, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Tibetan, and Urdu

5. English is the official language of 53 independent states and 12 dependent areas.

6. French is the official language of 26 independent states and 7 dependent areas.

7. Arabic is the official language of 23 independent states and 3 dependent areas.

8. Spanish is the official language of 20 independent states and 1 dependent area.

9. Portuguese is the official language of 8 independent states and 1 dependent area.

10. German is the official language of 5 independent states.

11. Italian is the official language of 4 independent states.

12. Chinese is the official language of 3 independent states.
(Chinese simplified in the PDR of China and Singapore, Chinese traditional in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao.)

13. Dutch is the official language of 3 independent states and 2 dependent areas.

14. Bahasa Melayu is the official language of 3 independent states.

15. Russian is the official language of 3 independent states.

16. kiSwahili is the official language of 3 independent states.

17. Tamil is the official language of 2 independent states.

18. Quechua is the official language of 2 independent states.

19. Aymará is the official language of 2 independent states.

20. Guaraní is the official language of 2 independent states.

21. Setswana is the official language of 2 independent states.

22. Sesotho is the official language of 2 independent states.

23. siSwati is the official language of 2 independent states.

24. Korean is the official language of 2 independent states.

25. Albanian is the official language of 2 independent states.

26. Greek is the official language of 2 independent states.

27. Serbian is the official language of 2 independent states.

28. Croatian is the official language of 2 independent states.

29. Swedish is the official language of 2 independent countries.

30. Turkish is the official language of 2 independent states.



---


31. Hindi is the official language of 2 independent stattes.



---


Special notes :

(1). "Working" language(s)



---


(2). Hindi is the national language, English is an "associated" langauge. Additionally, the following 16 languages are official regional languages : Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. 11 scripts are in use.



---


(3). Rossija (Russia) consists of 89 units (49 oblast, 2 federal cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg), 21 autonomous republics, 10 autonomous areas/okrug (AO), 6 autonomous territories (kray); Altay, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primor´ye, Stavropol´), and 1 autonomous region/oblast´ (Evrey)



---


21 autonomous republics :

Name of republic in Russian (transcripted)/Name of republic in other official language(s)
S= In Sibiria, C= In Caucasus, N= In the North, U= In Ural, V=In the Volga area, L= Official language(s)
R.= Per cent Russians of the total population 1989

Adygeya/Adyge (C) : L= Adyge(y), Русский; R. 66%

Bashkortostan/Bašqortostan (U) : L= Bashkort tele, Русский; R. 38%

Buryatiya/Burjaad (Buriad Ulus) (S) : L= Buryat, Русский; R. 67%

Chechnya-Ichkeriya/Noxçiyçö (C) : L= Noxçiyn (1997); R. 22%

Chuvashiya/Čâvaš-jen (V) : L= Chuvash, Русский; R. 27 %

Dagestan/Dağistan (Avar)/Dağustan (Lezgin) (C) : L= Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lak (Lezgin), Русский; R. 9 %

Gorno-Altay´ (Altay´)/ (S) : L= Altay, Русский; R. 56 %

Ingushia/Ğalğajče (C) : L= Ghalghaaj mott, Русский

Kabardino-Balkariya/Qeberdej-Baŀqer (K-C)/Qabarty-Malqar (K-B) (C) : L= Qaraçayça-Malqarça (Karachay-Balkar), Kabardin-Cherkess, Русский; R. 31 %

Kalmykiya/Haljmg Tañč (V) : L= Xalbmg, Русский; R. 37 %

Karachay-Cherkessiya/Qaračaj-Čerkes (K-B)/Qereşej-Šerdžes (K-C) (C) : L= Qaraçayça-Malqarça (Karachay-Balkar), Kabardin-Cherkess, Русский; R. 39 %

Kareliya/Karjala (N) : L= Suomen kieli (Karelian spoken), Русский; R. 73 %

Khakassiya/Xakasskaj Respublika (S) : Khakass, Русский; R. 79 %

Komi/Komi (N) : L= Komi(-zyryan), Русский; R. 57 %

Mari´-El/Marij Èl (V) : L= Western Mari, Eastern Mari, Русский; R. 47 %

Mordoviya/Mordovija (V) : L= Erzjanj Kelj, Mokšenj Kälj, Русский; R. 61 %

Severnaja (= North) Osetiya-Alaniya/Cægat Iryston (C) : L= Iron, Русский; R. 39 %

Sakha/Sakha Omuk (S) : L= Sakha (Yakut), Русский; R. 50 %

Tatarstan/Tatarstan (V) : L= Tatarča, Русский; R. 41 %

Tuva/Tyva (S) : L= Tyva (Tuvin), Русский; R. 31 %

Udmurtiya/Udmurtija (U) : L= Udmurt, Русский; R. 58 %



---


Basic statistics; summary of the 21 autonomous republics :

Area : 4 876 900 km2 (largest : Sakha (3 103 200 km2), 28,6 % of Russia
Population 1989 : 23 270 000 inhabitants (Bashkortostan 3 964 000, Tatarstan 3 658 000), 15,8 % of the total population of Russia.
Number of official languages : 27 (Russian included).
Largest ethnical group : Russian : 9 963 000 = 42,8 %, Tatar, Chuvash, Bashkir, Mordvinian, Chechen, Udmurt, Mari, Avar.



---


10 autonomous areas/districts/okrug (AO) :

Agin-Buryat AO (Aga-Buryatiya) (S) : L= Buryat (42 000/77 000), Русский; R. 40 %

Chukchi AO (S) : L= Chukchi (12 000/164 000), Русский; R. 66 %, U. 17 %

Evenk AO (S) : Evenk 3 500/25 000; R. 68 %

Khanty-Mansi (S) : Khant 12 000, Mansi 6 600/1 282 000; R. 66 %, U. 12 %

Komi-Permyak (U) : L= Komi-Permyak (95 000/159 000), Русский; R. 36 %

Koryak AO (S) : Koryak 6 600/40 000; R. 63 %

Nenets/Nenëtsië (N) : L= Русский. Nenets 6 500/54 000; R. 65 %

Taymyr (Dolgano-Nenets AO) (S) :L= Русский. Dolgani 6 600/56 000; R. 66 %

Ust-Ordin AO (Ust-Orda Buryat) (S) : Buryat 42 000/136 000; R. 57 %

Yamalo-Nenets (S) : Nenets 21 000/495 000; R. 59 %, U. 17 %



---


(4). Official languages of the 435 municipalities, as of 2001 :

Bokmål : 164, Nynorsk : 116, Neutral : 155. (In Vestlandet : 5 of 124 Bokmål, 92 of 124 Nynorsk).
5 municipalities are officially bilingual (Davvisámegiella-Norsk) :
Gáivuotna - Kåfjord, Unjárga - Nesseby, Guovdageaidnu - Kautokeino, Deatnu - Tana, Kárášjohka - Karasjok.
1 municipality is officially trilingual from 2001 : (Davvisámegiella, Kveeni, Norsk) : Porsáŋgu - Porsanki - Porsanger. Kveeni is a dialect of Finnish.

Recognized national minorities in Norway : Sámi (L= Davvisámigiella, Julevsámegiella, Åarjelsaemiengïele), Kveeni, Skogfinner (in Finnskog) (L= Finnish dialects), Jews (L= Yiddish, עברית), Rom/Gypsy, and the Romani (Tatere/Reisende) people (L= Romani).



---


(5). Graubünden - Grischun - Grigioni is officially trilingual at the cantonal level; of 212 Gemeinden (municipalities), 138 are officially Deutsch-, 49 Rumantsch Grischun-, and 25 Italiano-speaking.



---


(6). Autonomous regions (5) of China :

English name/Chinese transcripted/Local name; L=language

Inner Mongolia/Nei Monggol/Obor Mongol; L=Khalkha (Mongolian)

Kwansi Chuang/Guangxi Zhuang/; L=Cuaŋ

Ningsia Hui/Ningxia Hui/;

Sinkiang Uighur/Xinjiang Uygur/Uyğuristan; L=Uyğurçe, Qazaq

Tibet/Xizang/Bod; L= Bodskad

Additionally, there are 31 autonomous Chou and 111 autonomous Hsien.



---


(7). As of the end of 2000, Finland consists of 448 municipalities :

Official language is Finnish in 381, Finnish and Saami Languages in 4, Swedish and Finnish in 42 (Swedish majority in 22, Finnish majority in 20), Swedish in 21 (of which all 16 municipalities of Åland).

Sámi are official in 4 municipalities : Anár - Aanaar - Aanar - Inari (D,A,S), (4 langauges are official !), Eanodat - Enontekiö (D), Soađegilli - Sodankylä (in Vuohčču - Vuotso parish) (D), Ohcejohka - Utsjoki (D). Saami majority in the last mentioned municipality.

Anarâškiâla (= A), Davvisámegiella (= D), Sää'm³iõll (= S).



---


(8). As of 2001, Sweden consists of 289 municipalities :

After April 1, 2000 the "Lag 1999:1176" gives Finnish/Meänkieli (Tornedalsfinska) an official status in 5 municipalities : Váhčir - Jällivaara - Gällivare, Haaparanta - Haparanda, Giron - Kiiruna - Kiruna, Pajala and Matarenki - Övertorneå. Sámi is official in Árjepluovve - Arjeplog (J), Váhčir - Jällivaara - Gällivare (D), Giron - Kiiruna - Kiruna (D) and Johkamohkki - Jokkmokk (J). Åarjelsaemiengïele, Yiddish and Romani chib are also recognized as national minority languages.

Davvisámegiella (= D), Julevsámegiella (= J)



---


(9). Crown Dependencies, not integrated parts of the UK are :

Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey (with dependencies : Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou). Official languages of the Channel Islands : English and French.



---


(10). Official name until 1987 : Saint (St.) Christopher and Nevis.



---


(11). Suspended in 1989. UN Administration since 1999.



---


(12). Two major dialects : Gegënishte (north) and Toskënishte (south); Arbëresh (in Italy).



---


(13). In the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina the Statute grants the official use of Hungarian, Slovakian, Romanian and Ruthenian along with Serbian language.

Hungarian language and alphabet is in the official use in 29 municipalities and in the town of Novi Sad, Slovakian language and alphabet in 14 municipalities and Novi Sad, Romanian in 10 municipalities and Ruthenian in 4 municipalities and Novi Sad.



---


(14). Constitution of Slovenia; Article 11 :

The official language in Slovenia is Slovene. In those municipalities where Italian or Hungarian national communities reside, Italian or Hungarian shall also be official languages.



---


(15). Transdnistria :

Romanian (Cyrillic) :Република Молдовенешть Нистряне (РМН)
Russian : Приднестровская Молдавская Республика (ПМР, Приднестровье)
Ukrainian : Прідністрівська Молдавська Республіка (ПМР)



---


(16). Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA) from Dec. 22, 2001
Dari : دولت اسلامی انتقالی افغانستان



---


(17). In Bajan : Bubados



---


(18). Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (СССР)

Dec. 26, 1991 : The Supreme Soviet meets and formally dissolves the USSR.



---


(19). There are four varieties of Comorian spoken in the Islands: Shingazidja (Grande Comore - N'gazidja), Shimwali (Mohéli - Mwali), Shinzuani (Anjouan - Nzuani), and Shimaoré (Mayotte - Mahoré), each one named for the primary island on which it is spoken.

For centuries, people have used Arabic script to write Comorian and there is an attempt presently to normalize an orthography for writing the varieties of the language in Roman script. Shaafi Islam.



---


(20). A Transitional National Government (TNG) was created in August 2000. The Republic of Somaliland was declared independent 18 May 1991. In 1998 the self-governing autonomous state of Puntland was established.



---


(21). Head of state, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II; reign from 1952. She became Queen not only of Britain and its dependent territories, but also of Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, St Christopher and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Much of the Empire had dwindled during her father and grandfather's reign, becoming a Commonwealth of countries. There are 13 British dependent territories, which are: British Indian Ocean Territory, Gibraltar, Bermuda, Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory, St Helena and its dependencies (Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), Montserrat, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Anguilla, and the Pitcairn Group of Islands. (Hong Kong, a former dependent territory, was handed back to China on 1 July 1997.)



---


(22). As of July 2002, Taiwan had formal diplomatic relations with 27 countries - Belize, Burkina Faso, Chad, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, The Gambia, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Liberia, Malawi, Marshall Islands, (Nauru), Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tuvalu - and substantive relations with over 140 countries and territories.



---


(23). In Bileez Kriol : Bileez



---


(24). In Kwéyòl Sent Lisi : Sent Lisi



---


(25). In Kriolu kabuverdianu : Kabu Verdi



---


(26). In Sranan tango : Sranan



---


(27). In Kréol Morisyen : Moris



---