Vegetation
One of the most extensive forest growth in Iran is to be found
in this area, where stands of oak, ash, elm, cypress, pine and
other valuable trees grow abundantly.
Some of the most common tree
kinds are:
Periploca graeca
Juglans regia
Persian walnut
Acer platanides
Norway Maple
Taxus baccata
common yew
Ulmus
Platanus vulgaris
Grenier (fr.)
Celtis australis
Ulmaceae
Alnus tourn
Quercus castaneaefolia
Chestnut
Ulmacees(fr.)
Zelkova crenata
Buxus sempervirens
Boxwood
Rhamnus
Fraxinus excelsior
Common Ash
Crataegus (fr.)
Tilia rubra
Ulmus montana
Paliurus spina
Rubus caesius
Dewberry
Parrotia persica
Persian Parrotia
Quercus sp
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Fagus orientatis
Golestân forest
Vegetation cover is mainly representative of Hyrcanian,
Irano - Turanian and Ecotone which are amongst Iran's main vegetation
covers.
The major types of vegetation and outstanding species of
each floristic region include the following.
1- Hyrcanian region:
Persian parrotia - Parrotia persica
Chestnut - leaved oak - Quercus
castaneaefolia
European horn beam - Carpinus
betulus
Velvet maple - Acer velutinum
Japanese maple - Acer monspessulanum
Caucasian hackberry - Celtis caucasica
Red dogwood - Cornus sanguinus
Hawthorn - Crataegus spp
Pyrus cordata - Pyrus boissieriana
Lonicera - Lonicera fioribunda
Linden tree - Tilia caucasica
Coliseum maple - Acer cappadocicm
European ash - Fraxinus excelsior
2- The boundary between forest and steppe regions
:
Greek Juniper - Juniperus
excelsa
Common Juniper - Juniperus
communiss
Berberis spp - Berberis spp
Astragal - Astragalus spp
Milkwort - Euphorbia spp
3- Steppe and dry regions :
Fescue grass - Festuca spp
Acanthophyllum - Acanthophyllum
spp
Artemisia - Artemsia spp
Fishes
Golestân forest
:
The Doogh River in the National park stretches
up to about 15 kilometers. There are 8 species of fish living
in this river which include : Varicorhinus capoeta, Umbra
kramereri, rainbow trouts, minnows, etc.
Caspian Sea:
salmon, bream, mullet and sturgeon are
found in large quantities.
There are over 120 fish species
in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, which are commercially
divided in two groups of sturgeons and bony fishes. The bony fishes
are also divided into kilka and other species. The main commercial
species are as follows:
Sturgeons: Beluga (Huso huso), Russian
sturgeon (Acipenser guldenstadti), Iranian sturgeon (A. persicus),
and Sevruga (A. stellatus). The Iranian Caviar, being a famous
and exclusive product worldwide, is produced by these species.
Kilkas (small Clupeidae): Clupeonella
delicatula, C. engrauliformis, C. grimmi
Other bony fishes: Kutum
(Rutilus frisii kutum), Mullets (Mugil auratus and M. saliens),
Carp (Cuprinus carpio), Bream (Abramis brama), Pike-perch (Lucioperca
lucioperca), Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Salmon (Salmo trutta
caspius).
Book tips &
Links
Butterflies of Iran
The Mammals and Birds of Iran
Freshwater Fishes
of Iran
Iranian
Orchid Flowers
Nature in Iran
Golestan National Park
Insekten Fagus in the surroundings of Gorgán
Archaeological evidence for the horse
Nature of Iranian Forests
Caspian Seal
National biodiversity
of Iran, Strategy & Action plan
Joint
Program in Botany between Iranian Institutions and University Herbarium
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